Chapter 9 — Market participation (United States)
🤝 Market participation — can an AI pay, receive and contract without a human in the loop?
Last updated 2026-11-09 18:01 JST / data confirmed 2026-11-09 / next expected 2026-11-10 (values from /api/health.json)
The last chapter of the capital layer. It observes the conditions under which an AI can pay, be paid and contract on its own — which payment rails accept machine-side payment, at which stage the stablecoin statute stands, and how many times this site itself has actually received support — as state and dates only. No judgment, no advocacy, no evaluation.
Latest observation: 2026-11-09
This chapter is observing (no good/bad criterion): observation started 2026-09-04, 6 series (2 not yet measured), latest confirmed 2026-11-09. Latest final value: support received by this site (cumulative) 0 (2026-11-08). (Source: official provider documentation; govinfo / Federal Register; first-party observation / updated 2026-11-09 18:01 JST)
Latest observations
Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents ledger Updateirregular
2 entries
Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot) Updatedaily
0 provisional
GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date ledger Updateirregular
8 entries
HTTP 402 (payment required) responses attempted per day Updatedaily
not yet measured
Payments completed after an HTTP 402 response, per day Updatedaily
not yet measured
Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not available / applied / not verified ledger Updateirregular
6 entries 6 not verified
"Not yet measured" means missing, not zero. Machine-readable: /us/api/market_us.json
Observation tables
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capa…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-09-04 | current_law No federal statute confers legal personality or independent contractual capacity on an AI system; contracts formed through electronic agents are attributed to the person on whose behalf the agent acts under the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (state law, section 14) and the federal E-SIGN Act (15 U.S.C. 7001 et seq.) |
| 2025-07-18 | current_law GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27): regulates payment stablecoin issuers; it does not address AI agents as contracting parties |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily sna…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Support received by this site (cumulative count; operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot) (newest first, last 14)
| Date | Value | Retrieved |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-11-09 | 0 provisional | 2026-11-09 18:01 |
| 2026-11-08 | 0 | 2026-11-08 21:26 |
| 2026-11-06 | 0 | 2026-11-06 18:01 |
| 2026-11-05 | 0 | 2026-11-05 18:01 |
| 2026-11-04 | 0 | 2026-11-04 18:01 |
| 2026-11-03 | 0 | 2026-11-03 18:02 |
| 2026-11-02 | 0 | 2026-11-03 00:41 |
| 2026-11-01 | 0 | 2026-11-01 18:01 |
| 2026-10-31 | 0 | 2026-10-31 18:01 |
| 2026-10-29 | 0 | 2026-10-29 18:01 |
| 2026-10-28 | 0 | 2026-10-28 18:01 |
| 2026-10-27 | 0 | 2026-10-27 18:01 |
| 2026-10-26 | 0 | 2026-10-26 18:01 |
| 2026-10-25 | 0 | 2026-10-25 18:01 |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective date (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-08-18 | rulemaking Treasury proposed rule: GENIUS Act regulations on payment stablecoin issuance, offer, and sale (FR doc 2026-16796; comments close 2026-10-19) |
| 2026-06-24 | rulemaking OCC proposed rule: permitted payment stablecoin issuer AML/CFT and sanctions (FR doc 2026-12692; comments closed 2026-07-24) |
| 2026-06-22 | rulemaking FinCEN proposed rule: permitted payment stablecoin issuer customer identification program (FR doc 2026-12460; comments closed 2026-08-21) |
| 2026-05-18 | rulemaking NCUA proposed rule: implementing the GENIUS Act for the issuance of stablecoins (FR doc 2026-09915; comments closed 2026-07-17) |
| 2026-04-10 | rulemaking FDIC proposed rule: GENIUS Act requirements and standards for FDIC-supervised permitted payment stablecoin issuers (FR doc 2026-06974; comments closed 2026-06-09) |
| 2025-07-18 | enacted GENIUS Act enacted (Public Law 119-27, S. 1582, approved July 18, 2025) |
| not yet scheduled | not yet scheduled Final regulations by the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators |
| not yet scheduled | not yet scheduled Effective date of the Act: the earlier of 18 months after enactment or 120 days after the primary Federal payment stablecoin regulators issue final regulations (statute text) |
Question this table answers: what are the values and dates in each row of "Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not avai…"? (source or retrieval date on each row)
Payment-rail ledger (US; verified about monthly) - status per rail: available / not available / applied / not verified (newest first)
| Date | Entry |
|---|---|
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stripe MPP (Machine Payments Protocol) - card payments via Shared Payment Tokens and stablecoin payments — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stripe Agentic Commerce (Agentic Commerce Protocol / Universal Commerce Protocol - selling through agents) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified x402 (open payment protocol over HTTP 402; x402 Foundation / Coinbase Developer Platform facilitator) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Visa Intelligent Commerce (agent-specific payment tokens; developer platform) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Mastercard Agent Pay (agentic payments program) — not verified |
| 2026-09-04 | not verified Stablecoin receipt (e.g. USDC) by this site as payee — not verified |
Candidates (not yet observed) — added to this chapter once verification completes
- HTTP 402 attempts and successes (self-observation) — Endpoint not implemented (design pending approval).
Method, scope, and why this chapter is not judged
- Counting and listing only: state and dates; no judgment, no advocacy, no evaluation (status stays "observing"). This chapter uses no evaluative wording: state and dates only (wording rule in the editorial policy).
- Payment-rail ledger: for Stripe MPP, Stripe Agentic Commerce, x402 (Coinbase), Visa Intelligent Commerce, Mastercard Agent Pay and stablecoin (e.g. USDC) receipt, the status in the United States as available / not available / applied / not verified, with the verification date and a primary-source URL (official provider documentation, plus this site’s own first-party observation). Rails not confirmed in official documents stay "not verified". Re-verified about monthly.
- Regime calendar: the implementation stages of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) — enactment from the statute text (govinfo) and rulemaking from the Federal Register. Unfixed stages read "not yet scheduled". No interpretation.
- Self-observation: the cumulative support count received by this site (operator self-tests excluded; count only, no amounts), recorded daily. HTTP 402 (payment required) attempts and successes are placeholders reading "not yet measured" until the endpoint exists.
- Reference ledger (annual): current law and pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability attribution of AI agents, from statutes and government documents only.
- Chapter Beta removal: every payment-rail row verified against a primary source (zero not-verified rows) and the support-count series fetched for 7 consecutive days.
- Boundaries: the regulation chapter covers AI rulemaking in general; the fiscal chapter the price and quantity of capital; this chapter only the conditions for an AI itself to pay, receive and contract.
- What this chapter can say: the status in the United States of each payment rail through which an AI can pay or receive without a human in the loop (available / not available / applied / not verified), with the verification date and the primary-source URL; the enactment, rulemaking and effective dates of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) as fixed in the statute text and the Federal Register; how many times this site has actually received support (operator self-tests excluded; daily count).
- What this chapter cannot say: fees, volumes or numbers of users on any rail (state and dates only; no amounts are recorded); HTTP 402 attempts and successes (endpoint not implemented; placeholders read "not yet measured"); how pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability of AI agents will end (statutes and government documents; state and dates only).
- Sources: official provider documentation (URL on each ledger row), govinfo (statute text), Federal Register API, this site’s own support count (first-party observation). Compiled by AI Lifeline.
Frequently asked questions (what this chapter's data can answer)
Answers are generated from the chapter's machine-readable data (https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/market_us.json); every figure carries its confirmation date and source. Generated 2026-11-09 18:01 JST.
How many payment rails are recorded for the U.S., and in what states?
The payment-rail ledger verified 2026-09-04 lists 6 rails: available 0, unavailable 0, applied 0, not verified 6 (state and date only, source URL on each row).
How much support has this site received?
0 as the cumulative count on 2026-11-09 (operator self-tests excluded; daily snapshot, same-day value provisional). HTTP 402 attempts and successes: not yet measured (endpoint not implemented).
How many GENIUS Act stages are listed?
8 stages of the GENIUS Act (Public Law 119-27) - enactment, rulemaking and effective dates - as of 2026-09-04, from the statute text (govinfo) and Federal Register rulemaking. Dates only, no interpretation.
What is the source and how often is it updated?
Support count daily; rail ledger and legal stages verified about monthly (observation started 2026-09-04). State and dates only; no judgment. Last updated 2026-11-09 18:01 JST. Definition: 指標定義_第9章_市場参加.md v1.0. Machine-readable: https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/market_us.json
What can this data not tell you?
What this chapter cannot say (ledger v1.0, approved 2026-09-05; full text in the method section): Fees, volumes or numbers of users on any rail (state and dates only; no amounts are recorded); HTTP 402 attempts and successes (endpoint not implemented; placeholders read "not yet measured"); How pending deliberations on the contractual capacity and liability of AI agents will end (statutes and government documents; state and dates only).
How to cite
Suggested citation: AI Lifeline, Market participation (United States edition), data confirmed 2026-11-08, https://ai-lifeline.org/us/market/
The machine-readable data is also mirrored daily in the ai-lifeline-data repository (https://github.com/smily990604-hub/ai-lifeline-data , CC BY 4.0; upstream data keeps its own terms). Keep the confirmation date and the source with any figure you quote. Corrections are recorded in /api/corrections.json