{
  "summary": "This chapter is observing (no good/bad criterion): observation started 2026-08-29, 2 series (1 not yet measured), latest confirmed 2026-09-23. Latest final value: Lower 48 total demand 12,188,538 MWh (2026-09-22). (Source: U.S. EIA (Form EIA-930) / updated 2026-09-24 18:01 JST)",
  "cite_as": "AI Lifeline, Electricity (United States edition), data confirmed 2026-09-22, https://ai-lifeline.org/us/power/",
  "region": "us",
  "generated": "2026-09-24 18:01",
  "value_status_note": "value_status=final means fetched 2 or more days after the observation day (ET); provisional means fetched earlier and may still be revised. Recent days are refetched daily and provisional points are replaced.",
  "ba_demand_latest": {
    "rows": [
      {
        "demand_mwh": 12006917.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "United States Lower 48 (total)",
        "ba": "US48"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 2076126.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "PJM Interconnection",
        "ba": "PJM"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 1896292.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "Midcontinent ISO",
        "ba": "MISO"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 1667678.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "ERCOT (Texas)",
        "ba": "ERCO"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 717219.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "California ISO",
        "ba": "CISO"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 845461.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "Southwest Power Pool",
        "ba": "SWPP"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 340365.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "New York ISO",
        "ba": "NYIS"
      },
      {
        "demand_mwh": 257340.0,
        "value_status": "provisional",
        "name": "ISO New England",
        "ba": "ISNE"
      }
    ],
    "date": "2026-09-23"
  },
  "cannot_say": [
    "Whether the U.S. grid is tight or has spare capacity (EIA-930 publishes demand and generation, not a reserve margin; no emergency-alert count is observed yet).",
    "Whether any level is good or bad for AI, or how U.S. conditions compare with the Japan edition's reserve-margin badge (different indicator, different institution).",
    "What any single data center or operator drew (regional aggregates only)."
  ],
  "sources": [
    {
      "license": "Public domain (U.S. federal government work). API key is free.",
      "url": "https://www.eia.gov/opendata/",
      "name": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Hourly Electric Grid Monitor (Form EIA-930)"
    }
  ],
  "status_note": "Observing only: figures are collected and published, but no good/bad criterion has been defined for this edition yet (criteria are frozen as versioned definitions before use; none exists for the U.S. edition as of 2026-08-29). Do not infer thresholds.",
  "data_status": "live",
  "demand_daily": [
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13692822.0,
      "date": "2026-08-01",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13540273.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13433344.0,
      "date": "2026-08-02",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13263487.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14233362.0,
      "date": "2026-08-03",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14056523.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14181081.0,
      "date": "2026-08-04",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13996771.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14385036.0,
      "date": "2026-08-05",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14156549.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14713195.0,
      "date": "2026-08-06",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14505334.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14837749.0,
      "date": "2026-08-07",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14637547.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14327920.0,
      "date": "2026-08-08",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14235699.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14264753.0,
      "date": "2026-08-09",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14079874.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14973115.0,
      "date": "2026-08-10",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14745530.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14955195.0,
      "date": "2026-08-11",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14766167.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14638549.0,
      "date": "2026-08-12",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14528195.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14785561.0,
      "date": "2026-08-13",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14599306.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14598618.0,
      "date": "2026-08-14",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14410493.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13945962.0,
      "date": "2026-08-15",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13693664.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13953505.0,
      "date": "2026-08-16",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13700431.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14763186.0,
      "date": "2026-08-17",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-08-29 15:03",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14481492.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14801309.0,
      "date": "2026-08-18",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14606106.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14716519.0,
      "date": "2026-08-19",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14372875.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14614915.0,
      "date": "2026-08-20",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14427890.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14285547.0,
      "date": "2026-08-21",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14089267.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13597516.0,
      "date": "2026-08-22",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13399755.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13269310.0,
      "date": "2026-08-23",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12992217.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13733096.0,
      "date": "2026-08-24",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13519039.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13899688.0,
      "date": "2026-08-25",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13707011.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14122914.0,
      "date": "2026-08-26",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 20:48",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13935311.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14195674.0,
      "date": "2026-08-27",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-04 08:09",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13973280.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14030402.0,
      "date": "2026-08-28",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-03 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13809406.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13179132.0,
      "date": "2026-08-29",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-05 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13016729.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13312254.0,
      "date": "2026-08-30",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-05 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13148043.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14271773.0,
      "date": "2026-08-31",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-05 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14056417.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14640936.0,
      "date": "2026-09-01",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-07 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14430384.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14717944.0,
      "date": "2026-09-02",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-09 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14526713.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14748883.0,
      "date": "2026-09-03",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-10 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14583925.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14596552.0,
      "date": "2026-09-04",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-11 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14390179.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13619349.0,
      "date": "2026-09-05",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-12 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13399325.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12872649.0,
      "date": "2026-09-06",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-12 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12696391.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12823701.0,
      "date": "2026-09-07",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-14 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12648565.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13739534.0,
      "date": "2026-09-08",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-15 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13571891.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14332431.0,
      "date": "2026-09-09",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-16 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 14118810.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 14190526.0,
      "date": "2026-09-10",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-17 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13958866.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13700421.0,
      "date": "2026-09-11",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-18 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13529036.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13026093.0,
      "date": "2026-09-12",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-19 18:33",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12132664.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13025352.0,
      "date": "2026-09-13",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-20 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12783696.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13187202.0,
      "date": "2026-09-14",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-20 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13026052.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13236835.0,
      "date": "2026-09-15",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-22 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13078490.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13397036.0,
      "date": "2026-09-16",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-23 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13186880.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13571144.0,
      "date": "2026-09-17",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-23 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12508368.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 13345687.0,
      "date": "2026-09-18",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 13131768.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12406883.0,
      "date": "2026-09-19",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12222120.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12261364.0,
      "date": "2026-09-20",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12049629.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12536034.0,
      "date": "2026-09-21",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12323053.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12188538.0,
      "date": "2026-09-22",
      "value_status": "final",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": 12004138.0
    },
    {
      "us48_demand_mwh": 12006917.0,
      "date": "2026-09-23",
      "value_status": "provisional",
      "fetched_at": "2026-09-24 18:00",
      "us48_netgen_mwh": null
    }
  ],
  "status": "observing",
  "unit_note": "demand/net generation values are daily totals in megawatthours (MWh), as published by EIA (Form EIA-930, Eastern timezone aggregation).",
  "breakdown": {
    "respondents": 74,
    "regions_count": 13,
    "balancing_authorities_count": 61,
    "from": "2026-08-01",
    "files": {
      "2026": "/us/api/power_us_breakdown_2026.json"
    },
    "unit": "MWh (daily total)",
    "note": "Machine-readable breakdown only. The per-respondent daily series (13 EIA regions + every balancing authority) is split by year into the files listed in files; this body keeps the last 90 days of the Lower 48 aggregate and the latest-day table. Backfilled from 2026-08-01 (2026-09-03)."
  },
  "can_say": [
    "How much electricity the Lower 48 used and generated each day, in MWh, as EIA-930 publishes it (daily totals; provisional until refetched two or more days later).",
    "Whether daily demand is rising or falling within this edition, day by day (the balancing-authority breakdown is kept in a separate machine-readable file).",
    "Which days are final and which are still provisional, and when each value was retrieved."
  ],
  "answer_line": "This chapter is observing (no good/bad criterion): observation started 2026-08-29, 2 series (1 not yet measured), latest confirmed 2026-09-23. Latest final value: Lower 48 total demand 12,188,538 MWh (2026-09-22). (Source: U.S. EIA (Form EIA-930) / updated 2026-09-24 18:01 JST)",
  "answer_line_date": "2026-09-22",
  "answer_kind": "observing",
  "headline_answer": {
    "series": "us48_demand_mwh",
    "label": "Lower 48 total demand",
    "value": 12188538.0,
    "unit": "MWh",
    "date": "2026-09-22",
    "threshold": null
  },
  "faq": [
    {
      "q": "How much electricity did the U.S. Lower 48 grid use on the latest confirmed day?",
      "a": "On 2026-09-22 (ET), total demand of the Lower 48 was 12,188,538 MWh and net generation 12,004,138 MWh (final values). Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Hourly Electric Grid Monitor (Form EIA-930, public domain), retrieved 2026-09-24 18:00."
    },
    {
      "q": "Is the most recent day's value final?",
      "a": "The most recent observation is 2026-09-23: 12,006,917 MWh, value_status provisional. The latest final day is 2026-09-22. A provisional day is refetched and replaced by the final value on a later batch. The per-balancing-authority breakdown is machine-readable only (https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/power_us.json, key breakdown)."
    },
    {
      "q": "What is the source and how often is it updated?",
      "a": "U.S. Energy Information Administration, Hourly Electric Grid Monitor (Form EIA-930), retrieved once a day at 18:00 JST; observation started 2026-08-29, backfilled from EIA history to 2026-08-01. Last updated 2026-09-24 18:01 JST. Machine-readable: https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/power_us.json"
    },
    {
      "q": "What can this data not tell you?",
      "a": "What this chapter cannot say (ledger v1.0, approved 2026-09-05; full text in the method section): Whether the U.S. grid is tight or has spare capacity (EIA-930 publishes demand and generation, not a reserve margin; no emergency-alert count is observed yet); Whether any level is good or bad for AI, or how U.S. conditions compare with the Japan edition's reserve-margin badge (different indicator, different institution); What any single data center or operator drew (regional aggregates only)."
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "page": "https://ai-lifeline.org/us/power/",
    "api": "https://ai-lifeline.org/us/api/power_us.json",
    "last_confirmed": "2026-09-23",
    "next_expected": "2026-09-24",
    "generated": "2026-09-24 18:01",
    "observation_start": "2026-08-29",
    "series_count": 2,
    "series_not_yet_measured": 1,
    "title_short": "Lower 48 demand 12,188,538 MWh (final 9/22)",
    "generated_by": "scripts/citation/apply_citation_layer.py",
    "ledger_version": "v1.1-2026-09-06",
    "keys_written": [
      "summary",
      "cite_as",
      "answer_line",
      "answer_line_date",
      "answer_kind",
      "headline_answer",
      "faq",
      "citation"
    ]
  }
}